Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they respond to the specific concerns presented in the reading passage.

In terms, the professor contradicts the statement made in the passage. In the lecture, she uses three specific points and examples to illustrate her idea. First, the professor admits that sending humans to Mars required a longer time which needs more supplies of food, water, and oxygen, but she claims that there is a solution called Hydroponics. Specifically, hydroponics is a technology that roots seeds with water and soil and brings it with the space vehicles. It only takes a minor part of the cargo capacity of spacecraft. Moreover, hydroponics can cultivate foods and provide them to the astronauts. It can also recycle wastewater and change it to the vapor that can be collected as fresh water to drink. To deal with oxygen, the technology can absorb carbon dioxide and release fresh air. This directly refutes the passage’s reason for the limited cargo capacity and shortage of basic supply by the introduction of hydroponics. Second, the professor proposes that the astronauts have been trained as qualified and healthy people, so they would have stronger bodies than anyone else. In detail, the astronauts need to do regular exercise and adapt to the zero-gravity environment. During exercise, their muscle mass and bone density would be increased. Thus, their physical fitness could be even better than the sportsman. That is why the lecturer disagrees with the reading’s explanation that the zero-gravity environment would bring irrevocable harm to astronauts' health. Last but not least, the lecturer suggests that the radiation in the cosmos would not be released all the time, because it is only occasionally emitted in a period of a particular moment. Moreover, though the astronauts need to finish their tasks out of a spaceship in interplanetary space, there would be protected by a special instrument, which is a small and light shelter. It would not take overweight to the ship. Also, they can detect the time of radiation emission by certain devices and stay behind the shelter to prevent hurt from the radiation. In this way, the astronaut would be safe during completing the Mars task and provide helpful information to all the people on the Earth.